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                <title xml:lang="en">Alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use among French school students in 2018</title>
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                <term xml:lang="fr">HBSC</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">ALCOOL</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">ADOLESCENT</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">MILIEU SCOLAIRE</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">TABAC</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">CANNABIS</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">PREVALENCE</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">EVOLUTION</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">INITIATION</term>
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              <p>In 2018, two major international surveys Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) and European School Project on Alcohol and other Drugs (ESPAD) were carried out simultaneously for the first time in France, using a unified scientific framework. More than 20,000 middle school and high school students, representing 11- to 18-year-old adolescents attending secondary school in metropolitan France, were invited to answer an online questionnaire on their well-being and health behaviour, including their use of psychoactive substances. This collaboration between surveys, which is unprecedented in Europe, makes it possible to measure this use among all students from Grade 6 to 12. This issue of Tendances presents the prevalence of experimentation and use of the three most widely used substances during adolescence: alcohol, tobacco and cannabis, by school grade. While adolescence is the main period where alcohol, tobacco and cannabis are experimented with, the timing and progression of substance use vary:- Alcohol, which is mainly experimented with during middle school, is still the first substance used during adolescence, followed by tobacco.- The consumption of cannabis tends to begin at the end of middle school, with experimentation and use developing and strengthening during high school. It is still the most common illegal product, while the lifetime use of other illegal substances remains really low.EnCLASS data also confirms the ready accessibility of the products, despite the fact that it is illegal to sell tobacco and alcohol to minors.</p>
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              <p>L'Enquête nationale en collège et en lycée chez les adolescents sur la santé et les substances (EnCLASS) a été développée par les équipes de recherche françaises référentes des enquêtes internationales Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) et European School Survey Project on Alcohol and other Drugs (ESPAD).Pour la première fois en 2018, plus de 20 000 collégiens et lycéens représentatifs des adolescents scolarisés en France métropolitaine âgés de 11 à 18 ans ont répondu simultanément à un questionnaire en ligne à propos de leurs comportements de santé et de leurs consommations de substances psychoactives. Les premiers résultats sont présentés dans ce numéro 132 de Tendances.Ce sont principalement les substances licites, alcool et tabac, qui se diffusent au cours des « années collège ». Tous niveaux de classes de collège confondus, 6 élèves sur 10 déclarent avoir déjà consommé une boisson alcoolisée et 1 sur 10 indique une ivresse alcoolique. Pour le tabac, les niveaux très inférieurs progressent rapidement : 7,6 % des collégiens de 6e déclarent une expérimentation du tabac et ils sont 37,5 % en classe de 3e. La diffusion du cannabis ne s'amorce qu'en 4e et atteint 16,1 % en 3e. Durant les « années lycée », des usages plus réguliers s'installent. C'est le cas pour l'alcool, singulièrement chez les garçons qui sont un tiers à éclairer ce comportement en terminale. La diffusion du tabagisme connaît une accélération : un élève de terminale sur 5 (21,5 %) fume quotidiennement. Quant à l'expérimentation du cannabis, 33,1 % des lycéens sont concernés.La comparaison avec les enquêtes précédentes témoigne d'un recul de l'ensemble des usages au collège. Au lycée c'est aussi le cas pour le tabac et le cannabis mais les niveaux de consommation d'alcool sont stables.</p>
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